Cars and Tuning

Often, the passionate love of tuning you do with your hands installing audio of your car. Respecting the rules of the art of assembly is essential to a facility that works perfectly. The theme we have chosen for this section is affordable for any lover of good cars, so whether you can get down to work.
Let’s build a drawer serious host a subwoofer.
MANUFACTURE OF A CAR SUBWOOFER

Before launching the construction itself, it should be carefully read the instruction booklet for the sub and perform the calculations to find out the volume and size of drawer.

A good toolbox, a drill and a wireless pistol enmasillar are indispensable elements for a sophisticated construction.

Before you begin, reunid all the necessary materials for the manufacture of the drawer since it is quite tedious to realize at work we missing parts. In this case, we needed plates DM 19 mm. Least putty, screws conglomerate, tail…

We started building from the top, making the holes corresponding to then move the screws.

It should be milling holes to allow the head of the screw enters the wood.

It is preferable that previously realicéis few holes less than the diameter of the bolt, instead of screwing with force, as the panel DEM has a tendency to break.

Before screwing, we must extend tail along the entire border to ensure the rigidity of the drawer and you have a good waterproof.

Now we have to put together the different panels of the drawer, proceeding in the same way as above.

Once we assembled drawer, it shall aim putty by all interior edges for waterproofing. The bottom of the drawer is mounted last.

If you do not have a template to cut one meter, a ruler and a compass will allow you to fit the stroke subwoofer.

Now you can cut the hole for the positioning of the sub. The work is already beginning to have face and eyes.

Before we go further, we need to verify that the sub between well in the hole. The hole does not have to be too small, but neither can leave the sub floating. The panel of the fund should assembled with the same procedure that we have followed in the past.

The head of the screws have to re-cover with body putty (fast and convenient to work).

The putty body does not adhere to the wood as fast as the veneer. We need to let it dry completely before smoothing. This will allow us to have a completely smooth box, so that later it can be painted or covered with carpeting.

As for the sub, draw the court to inbound connections.

Once we made the hole, we need to verify the adjustment of the connections. And the set with screws and glue to prevent leakage of air.

For soundproofing drawer was filled with acoustic foam. But other solutions are possible.

Now it’s time to dress the drawer. There are no rules for this. We turn to you to choose the material which want forrarlo: painting, carpeting, leather,… all depends on the look you want to give your installation. In this case, we used carpet acoustics (softer and easier to work than the traditional carpet). This has been fixed with staples in the songs, which are not visible from the outside, and has set itself on the panels with spray glue to prevent it folds.

With the help of a well-sharpened cutter, cut the gap at the site of the subwoofer. The carpeting has been stapled inside the box to ensure that it has a good tension.

Use quality speaker cable, terminals and terminals gold, as good audio commands.

The connector we can easily find in the electronics stores. Whatever the cost, the drawer has some nice finishes. Recall that the subwoofer must be set firmly.

Drawers FOR TYPES OF SUBWOOFER

The subwoofer is a complex structure with a fragile balance. Among the mechanical characteristics (membrane suspension…) and electrical (coil mobile, mostly) must take into account all the specifications to define a precise mathematical model. In fact, there are many theoretical works on the speakers but for the moment not provide too much water to our mill. Fortunately, the model allows us to infer a number of vital features acoustic wrapper. And that is without its wrapper, a subwoofer, expensive and costs as it is, is nothing. To do otherwise would be too simple, since the package-the-box capital exerts an influence on the loudspeaker, forming with him a couple inseparable. The problem is not confined only to the implementation, but also, for example, focuses on the size of the box. It would be a foolish optimism to believe that box bigger, more power, which would reduce the burden of calculating the minimum term:! Hitting a subwoofer anyone in the box that best lends itself to the actions of the trunk and is already! But calculating how to be the box has to be in perfect agreement with the characteristics of the loudspeaker, which determine the optimal levels.
HOW TO APPLY?
Based on this principle, the more rational approach is to choose a model of subwoofer accordance with the limitations, which in buying a subwoofer and then espabilarse with available evidence. Okay, it is not always easy to maintain control after being flashed by a model and reverse repitiéndonos that does not conform to our demands. We have a perfect example in the JBLW15GTi, a model spectacular but, assuming that tuvierais funding for permitíroslo, more than one would with a chant in the teeth to see the volume needed for its proper functioning. Generally, how much larger the surface of the membrane, the greater the volume of cargo. But there are countless variables. Some 30 cm, for example, are content with a dozen liters to operate at its best level, while others require five times more space. In fact, the size of the membrane does not tell us anything by itself. It must consult the list of loudspeaker parameters (parameters Thiele and Small), usually provided by the manufacturer. To determine the ideal wrapper acoustic requires various data. To begin with the resonance frequency (F) outdoor loudspeaker. After the coefficient of total overvoltage (Ots), which is an average value of the coefficients of mechanical stress (Qms) and electricity (Qes), which gives a precise indication of the speaker’s behavior to its resonance frequency. The next step is the equivalent volume of air (Vas) in relation to the volume of air displaced by the membrane. It also needs to know the active surface of the membrane (Sd), expressed in square meters or centimeters square, and finally the continuing resistance (Re, which should not be confused with the characteristic impedance of the speaker to 4 Ohms). These parameters express all the characteristics of the speaker and are closely interrelated. Bastan to determine how it should be wrapping acoustic.

IS EASY TO SAY…
In principle we have in hand to get all the pieces to explain without giving much the tin… But we still have to exploit these data adequately. There are spreadsheets “simplified” to put all these values into an equation and determine the portrait of the whole robot. ! Simplified! ! It gives us laugh! Or what san and the estimate is too random, or are really accurate and the process of calculation is more than unfortunate. What is more convenient to refer to a simulation software as an excellent focal Works. Of course, there are many others. The simulations are made credible, because they can duplicate almost perfectly with the measurements made in a drawer, after this one (actually, the drift of manufacturing tolerances speaker in question). The method has its advantages, starting with the ability to customize the package to 100%, speaking on a parameter needed. The most obvious drawback is that they must have access to a computer. Moreover, even the most simple and intuitive demand have good knowledge base. Even easier and faster is to leave the issue to one side and the seller can advise you on duty. Their knowledge should seros useful, but not in this way will have the immense joy (expressed in caffeine, nicotine, aspirin…) have put hand in the process. Another possibility: servicing builders can give you clues for the investigation, or simply facilitaros height ideal wrapper for each type of speaker. Finally, one may refer to the data sheets that come with the subwoofer, which normally describes many types of wrappers with their corresponding levels and sizes, although this requires having a blind trust in these directives. Are we staying here? Well, no, because to deal with everything still exist many types of wrappers to evoke. ! Start again!

THE CLOSED CAJÓN
This is the simplest of packaging study and perform, but not make it any less good. Physically, the box is limited to a perfectly hermetic cavity, lined absorbent materials to suppress the wave emitted behind the membrane. The main and only defect of this type of burden is that the yield is generally lower than that obtained with other types of packaging. For listeners’ normal ‘(those who do not aim to burst the initial score in contests SPL), this restriction is very relative, as the power of “amplis” current enough, usually, to remedy this lack of effectiveness . Moreover, the fall in gentle slope of the band step towards the serious end is often offset by the acoustics of the vehicle, which, as if by magic, has a tendency to realign all of this. Another advantage: the drawer is closed generally much less compact than the others. It is not uncommon, according to the manufacturers, found some 30 cm that work very well in a tiny envelope of 10 or 15 litres. In fact, the ideal size is usually more consistent, but closed the drawer is very tolerant from this point of view, allowing for significant variations litraje without necessarily affect benefits. This does not mean that you can do anything with them, but if we can afford them better investigate the relationship between benefits and possible drawer. In listening, this kind of load usually translates to a marked tendency Hi-Fi, while neutral, balanced and well sustained, of course, this is the type of load advised to start in the Subwoofers, with the security (almost) to get a result without flaws.

THE BASS-CAJÓN REFLEX
Things begin serious this time, with a wrapper clearly more complex to handle. The drawer is no longer closed, but open to the outside air for a plunger. Objective: it is not satisfied with absorbing the energy produced behind the membrane and try to recover a portion thereof, provided by the plunger, in a manner that dramatically increases performance in the extremely serious. In fact, it creates a resonator. In contrast to the drawer closed, it is virtually impossible to get it right without going through the simulator program. The size of the drawer and dimensions of the plunger simultánemanete interact, so that the mathematical formula is more complex to implement. But in good hands drawer Bass-Reflex can reproduce sounds atronadores, much higher than the drawer closed. Best sustaining power, superior performance and strong extension of the band crossing is the representation of a dynamic and a much higher extent. The completion of the wrapping, albeit difficult to calculate, does not generate normally more problems than the drawer closed, since there are no more than make an extra hole. In contrast, the volume is often very consistent and extremes of regulating the whole much more problematic: whenever the volume of amending drawer, we must recalculate the size of the bat. In reality this is a drawer reserved for the initiated greedy for sensation.

THE CAJÓN SIMÉTRICO
In this case, the complexity is legendary. This time, the speaker is enclosed in the package, set on an interim closure, delimiting two separate volumes: one closed and the other connected to a plunger. We no longer have a single parameter (the size of the drawer closed), or two (volume and the plunger for the Bass-Reflex), but three and… inseparable each other! Nightmare in perspective, while this time the packaging is much more difficult to build. But despite that, this formula has its supporters, in fact, playing with the proportions of the cavity of the front and rear, it may encourage more of a test than another, either by improving the response of the very low frequencies at the expense of performance (which could require a facility predominantly Hi-Fi), or the opposite, favoring performance, but on a limited bandwidth (this configuration may be required for a contest SPL). The technical quality and musicality are heavily subjected by the definition of the whole: the best thing you can encircle the worst. Particularity essence of this kind of burden, the subwoofer does not arise abroad and serious are transmitted only by the plunger. Only serious as this outer envelope has a natural tendency to filter out frequencies below 120 Hz or 80 (varies greatly, in fact), a parameter to keep in mind. This produces a response in the bell curve, in which the symmetrical box returns only a portion of Banda. Also called drawer “pass-band” band-pass in English) in some publications. Reserved mainly to the more experienced amateurs.

ALTERNATIVE AND DEVIATIONS
Having regard to the three types of wrappers are more widespread in the ends of the earth and its environs, we will say that there are infinite variations, including some accumulate the three basic principles: wrapping asymmetric double cavity joined, wrapping triple cavity, or, more refined if possible. Here, more than ever, this is a work of specialists. On the other hand, we have not talked about the number of speakers could be mounted in a drawer. There is a primary data retention: when doubles in number of speakers (necessarily the same type) should be double the size of the drawer and recalculate, if any, the cohesion of the whole. And the same thing happens if you multiply by four, eight or sixteen subwoofers, if you ask for the body. Except in one case: in a particular configuration of subwoofers, usually called isobaric. In this case the two boomers are addressed, so that a small volume of air, tightly closed, becomes trapped between the membranes of each. Powered by coupling air and empujándose each other, this time we must divide the volume by two. An interesting case, this time we must divide the volume by two. An interesting case for those who do not have gone home plenty of space but of money.

THE “FREE AIR”
We have, at last, talking about the subwoofers operating with “open air” a burden infinite. The term burden infinite volume of air sufficiently consistent to who is not involved to a significant extent on the outcome. Put another way, this is subwoofers designed to be set in a tray back, coupled directly to the boot volume. Generally, this type of subwoofers must have a precise characteristics in order to be exploited in this way. Sometimes, certain builders propose two possible choices between one family of subwoofers to ride in a drawer and “free air”. This allows us to close the chapter with a preventive message: there are no subwoofers multipurpose, designed to operate in all possible conditions, but models more or less tailored to a specific use, or drawer closed trailer, or even infinite burden. One more reason to consider when making your choice.

CONCLUSION
The study of the drawer serious and the unfailing partner subwoofer / drawer is a company rather than complicated, as habréis verified. Therefore, here we do not intend to marearos with things that you have to enfrentaros yourselves. On the contrary, our most fervent hope is incitaros to take the bull by the horns. Know that at the beginning will be tough, but also will have the satisfaction of having been able to solve a very complex subject.
THE POWER ACCESSORIES

Mainly are summarized in three, but each share other accessories, in order to develop more combinations.

ALTERNATOR
SUPER BATTERIES
THE AISLADORES

ALTERNATOR

They will come here full power you need, as it is the only element that generates power. Normally the power of a car ranges from 55 to 100 and A, which have sufficient capacity to the installation of a powerful audio system and feed their own systems of the automobile. But if your steps are so “greedy” in consumption (Class A) to be “amorran” the dash lights or outdoor lights or even stop the engine of your vehicle, you have a serious problem of consumption, which (assuming that the wiring this correctly installed) can solve only by replacing the alternator. If your case and require more than 120 A sorry “trunk”, but you have not choice but to buy an alternator professional any of the few brands that make them. And I say sorry, because its price is around € 6 by Ampere. Thus, they have three options. The 1 st, gastarte “paste”, the 2 nd select either your steps and see their consumption and 3 rd, supports limitations.

SUPER BATERiAS

It is not that they are in power standard (approximately 100 A), but by parameters such as the power of peak A thousand or more, its functionality and the ability to load and unload total exceeds 400 times, and also its versatility in the installation because in some models can be installed tilted to 90 degrees. Keep in mind that some batteries releases toxic gases and flammable, in the process of loading. Therefore its location should be well aerated. Sure the proper anchoring of the battery that should not move at all from their accommodation. They tend to be very attractive and include several terminals (up to three couples) for ease of installation, and usually bathed in gold, to improve conductivity other advantage is the complete absence of corrosion. All this in the same space that a conventional battery. The price is high but not prohibitive (about € 300). Especially when we consider that it will also be the battery of the vehicle, not just the system. Its duration is three times more than a conventional battery (say manufacturers). Remember that if the consumption of the system is greater than the power provided by the alternator, a battery professional will not solve the problem.
THE AISLADORES (ISOLATORS)
Led only those systems which have more than one battery or one for the car and its accessories and one for the audio system. In both cases are vital, because if not installed, the regulator of the alternator power delivered randomly to the two battery and also irregularly shaped, and the result would be the destruction of the alternator, or worse. The isolator will be responsible for battery charging that they actually need to go alternating from one to another and maintaining stable loads.

ACCESSORIES FOR CAR AUDIO

The Trainers

The Fuse General

The distriguidores

Optional accessories

THE CAPACITADORES

We call them enablers because this electronic component is the peculiarity of storing large amount of current (depending on capacity) for delivery in a “plis” as soon as required, (10,000 amps in milliseconds). Nor are the “panacea” for the lack of amps but certainly their help is invaluable but we “plenty” of power. To avoid cuts in vertices senior signal that aurally translate into lack of dynamics and increasing distortion, especially in serious and subgraves frequencies. In short, every time a dance theme (for example), makes “PUMP” phase consumes more quickly and needs a “turbo” alongside them not to “drown”. This will get the “PUMP” is not a “pubffff” soso and retumbante. Lastly six major points:

1 – the connection and initial charge of a trainer must be performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Do not jump instructions, and wondered whether you whole.

2 – a trainer at full load is a “bomb”, you are not crossing the positive happen with the negative, as it poses a serious danger.

3 eighth-fixing must be strong and robust, meeting the same requirements as if it were a battery.

4 – drivers exist load (head intelligent), you will facilitate the task of wiring and initial charge, in addition to providing security and information.

5 – always connected in parallel with the line (+ with +, and – with -), and as close as possible to the stage of higher consumption.

6 th – there are decks that allow us to connect several trainers in parallel. The capacity available in the market ranging from 250,000 microfaradios to 2,000,000 of microfaradios, always in individual units, whose prices start at € 120. There are also so-called “power stations”, composed of several units and other electronic systems and control, capable of storing millions of microfaradios, ideal for SPL addicts.

FUSE GENERAL

There are several types depending on the power.
On 1, virtually obsolete due to security concerns, is the famous heat equal to that you have at home. Its great advantage is the speed and cleanliness of connection and disconnection of the system (via a button).
The 2 nd sist4ema consists of a transparent plastic cylinder, threading two sides gold-plated, which empotra fuse (type AGU) being virtually airtight. Installation is simple, and its size and low price (6 to 12 €). Their only limitation is the power that supports, always less than 80 amps.

The fourth 3 is similar to earlier but greater robustness and ability. Here fuse similar to a rectangular chip (ANL type or Maxi ATC) are heavily subject to the extremes of touch with screws or nuts.

It is, without doubt, it most commonly used by competitors, for their safety and aesthetics. Its main “stick” are its dimensions are the largest of all systems need a tool to disconnect the fuse and its price, which I feel is high (50 to 100 €), and the fuse (just over € 6). Whether one or the other type you choose, remember that your installation is essential if our audio system has power stages, and the place is located (not thirty centimeters farther from the positive terminal of the battery) must be accessible quickly .
DISTRIBUTORS

If you need to feed more than one stage or accessories, you can use two systems, the first to go “pulling” lines from the battery to the various components. The second will be more simple and easy, the distribution of several lines as closely as possible components. For this we need distributors supply. The encounter in two basic types: single distribution or distribution more individual fuses. It all depends on your needs and pole line, as the negative supply is not normally protected by fuses, it is called mass distributor. It is also true that if your stages have their fuse protection built into the chassis, it is unnecessary to install another fuse before, but involves the advantage of a quick accessibility to the line that stage in particular if we want to disconnect, and Installation hinders access to fuse the stage itself. There are countless types both for the masses and for the positive, two, three, four and even more exits, and in a multitude of different cable diameters. We can also choose the type of fuse that we want (ANL, AGU, or ATC), and of course, chrome and gold-plated or platinum. All of them have plastic protective covers, and the subject of the cable is usually done by placing the cable peeled in a milling different levels, and pushing it through a allen asparagus, which confers a great finish cleaning. Finally, four tips:

– Values fuses distributors not exceed the value in excess of fuse of the next stage, because they do not meet its mission

– Always carries fuses in the car parts and the tools needed for replacement

– Always disconnect the battery for any intervention in the electric vehicle
– First negative and then positive, and vice versa when they connect, and prevent coruscations in the terminals.

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

There are those who allow rounding a job well done and control. Many accessories are coming from the field of electricity and electronics but have been improved aesthetically, to give them a special flair. Thus we have: the, which enables us to correctly joints; relays, for connecting accessories high consumption; filters “Pop” that eliminate some noise amplifiers when connected; multi remote, which sequentially trigger wires Ignition (remote) in a facility with multiple stages of power; clocks, voltage and temperature for the control of our system; fans, similar to those that incorporate computers, but in some cases, with automatic connection to the temperature prefixed by us; pasamuros both plastics and rubber avoid cutting short circuit and wiring when navigating through an automobile plate; spirals and flanges, (these colors) that subject wiring in an orderly fashion; neon tubes in various colors Forms diameters, linear motors, to climb our facility, or turn down, and so on. All of them affordable, we will increase the security of our system, embelleciéndolo at the same tiempo.Y this just this issue, which I hope you will find in your super facility.