TROUBLESHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL CAR
TROUBLESHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL CAR
Triangle breakdowns
Periodic reviews by the driver
1. Clean the vehicle.
2. Change oil filter.
3. Level of engine oil. Change filter.
4. Check cooling sleeves.
5. Level change and coolant.
6. Voltage strap generator, water pump.
7. Battery. Level electrólito.Conexiones
8. Power. Checking spark plugs and cables.
9. Deposit of washer systems.
10. Deposit of lavalunetas.
11. Check connections generator.
12. Check connections engine starts.
13. Level hydraulic clutch.
14. Level of the power steering fluid.
15. Jets of lavafaros.
16. Adjusting the suppliers of washer systems.
17. Checking the status of the brushes of wipers.
18. Check brake pedal travel. Pills.
19. Check trail parking brake.
20. Check tour clutch.
21. Level of change.
22. Level of the brake fluid reservoir.
23. Pressure tires.
24. Grease.
25. Grease hinged door locks.
26. Conservation tools and equipment.
27. Documentation of the vehicle.
The revisions indicated in the service book, were virtually referenced in this relationship while others relate to be carried out in workshops recommended as trademarks.
Revisions levels, fluids and other elements of the vehicle
• Level of engine oil
We have to use lubricants specially formulated and approved. From oil to use this time to replenish, and the time to change the oil. This type of oil is offered with the usual range of viscosity and is suitable for all kinds of temperatures. They need to change them at intervals corresponding prolong the duration of the components. The inappropriate use of oils could result in premature wear and breakdowns.
It is in the “Tech” a table with numbers on the various degrees of viscosity engine oil for exceptional uses, where there is no oil, before commented.
At service stations always insist that you put only the specified oils.
By checking the oil level, make sure the vehicle is on level ground. Stop the engine and wait a few minutes for the engine to cool and drain oil into the crankcase. Pull the dipstick, wipe with a cloth stringless, key-checking that all – and to draw back. The film of oil inside the rod tip indicates the level of crankcase oil.
If the oil level was found between the two marks on the rod, there would be no need to replenish it. If the level had fallen to the mark “MIN”, add oil until the level is between the maximum and minimum. Not replace oil by oak of the trademark “MAX” because the oil is too much waste and probably would increase consumption, and may damage the engine further.
Aténgase always the same type of oil.
Rod measuring system notice assistant
In vehicles equipped with a backup, checking oil level insufficient does not work with the engine running. It is carried out only when connecting initially ignition or re-starting the engine after being detained for more than three minutes. If the vehicle was found on a slope at the start, this would provide a warning signal false. To get a proper checking of the oil, park the vehicle on level ground, wait at least three minutes and again put the engine running. The dipstick has a sensor.
By checking the oil level will be necessary to remove the rod its tube and, in so doing, it is important that the cables and plug multiple coupled to the same, would not be damaged. Grasp the hand and simply remove the dipstick, checking the oil level is between two brands of the same (see the “Guide”). Make sure the rod becomes metida depth once fully checked.
In normal operating conditions, we will have to change the filter and the engine oil, as specified in the maintenance manual.
• Level of the power steering fluid
The level of the liquid has to check if the system is at operating temperature or when it is cold, but must ensure that the ignition is switched off.
Remove the lid filling / middleman, wipe with a cloth rod stringless, insert and tighten. Remove the lid filling again and observe the level of liquid rod. When the system is at operating temperature, the liquid level has to reach the top mark “HOT” (hot). Refill, if necessary, to bring the liquid specified level until that mark. If water were found with the system cold be found at the bottom of the rod brand “FULL COLD” (full cold). Add the liquid specified, if necessary, to bring the level up to that mark and then check again when the system is at operating temperature.
Variants
These variants have a separate deposit, which is graduated with a “MIN” and “Max”.
Check the fluid level when the system is at operating temperature, or when it is cold, and if necessary, replace the liquid until the specified mark “MAX.”
• level of the brake fluid reservoir
Checking the level of the brake fluid is one of the security precautions more important. The line “MAX” of the deposit indicates the level of fluid highest permissible. The level will fall slightly after a long period because of the automatic adjustment of the brakes.
If the level requires frequent fillings, ask to check the braking system.
Warning: Do not ever allow that the level of the liquid drops of the trademark “MIN”. At unscrew the cap, hold the regleta of cables witness the light level of the brake fluid.
The effectiveness of the brakes can be harmed when using liquids which do not conform to the specification. The same is true when using brake fluid which has been exposed to the atmosphere.
The absorbed moisture air dilutes the fluid and reduces its effectiveness.
• Change coolant
It has been emptied, washed and fill the cooling system with a new refrigerant mixture every 60,000 km. Or every two years, whichever occurs first. The reason for this is that the anti-corrosive coolant inhibitors lose their effectiveness after this period.
It will always change and revise according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Engine Coolant specified
In those climates that prove necessary protection against frost fill the system, after emptying, with 50% water and 50% of antifreeze.
Antifreeze
The aluminum engine cylinder head: inhibitor anticorrosive certain antifreeze, although specified to be used with aluminum engines, will decompose at temperatures of operating some 120 ° C. The engine operates at such high temperatures to get a good performance and fuel economy, and, if not properly protected, could suffer a severe corrosion of the aluminum. To achieve optimal protection, always insist that the antifreeze manufactured according to the specification.
In the territories of warm weather throughout the year. In that is not required frost protection, replace or fill the system, if it had been emptied, with a mixture of 97.5% water and 2.5% of anticorrosive inhibitor, according to the specification.
For the filling capacity of the cooling system, refer to the “technical details of the guide to running.”
• Batteries
Level electrolyte
The electrolyte in each glass has been found between the highest and lowest marks, which will be shown by the transparent case of the battery. Without marks level, the electrolyte would be 1 cm. Above the plates. In batteries that need little maintenance, only need to check the level of the electrolyte every fifteen months, under normal conditions, this does not apply to surcharges or operating at high ambient temperatures. This type of battery can be identified by the part number, 81 AB, located at the side of the box with it.
Warning: the battery cables were disconnecting only with the engine off. In doing so, first remove the negative cable (mass).
Do not touch the key with the two terminals of the battery, or the positive terminal and any part of the battery, since there shorts.
By connecting the battery, make sure that the negative terminal connects the past.
In difficult operating conditions-such as driving over short distances, frequent outbursts cold and dusty roads-change oil and filter must be carried out at shorter intervals.
• Level of liquid automatic change
Check the fluid level when the engine is at operating temperature, that is, after a certain route.
Make your check as follows:
1 .- Park ground level in the vehicle and apply the hand brake and the foot.
2 .- With the engine idling, move the selector lever three times by all positions.
3 .- With the engine idling, select the position P and wait a minute.
4 .- With the engine idling, remove the dipstick, with a rag limpiela stringless, enter depth and re-draw. Check the fluid level, which has been found between the two brands. Do not let the level never falls below the lower mark.
5 .- If necessary, replace the liquid specified for automatic gearboxes, echándolo by the dipstick tube.
Warning: when conducting tests of the components within the engine compartment with the engine running, be careful that clothing-tie or scarf-are not hooked in the belt of fan / transmission.
O In vehicles with automatic change: if necessary to start the engine for an extended period when the vehicle is stationary, as when adjustment is made under the bonnet-or before leaving the vehicle with the engine running, the selector lever is P has to find and the parking brake has to lay firmly.
Or Check that the selector lever is placed correctly in P.
Or not revolutionize the engine excessively with the vehicle stationary.
O When filling automatic gearboxes, always check that the liquid you use, conforms to the specification.
The main wiring or protected is connected to positive terminal of the battery through a “union fuse” if the battery of the vehicle or an auxiliary battery is connected incorrectly, or if there was a short circuit in wiring, this union “fundiría” and the whole electrical system would cease to function. It would then ask your dealer to change the union.
• Battery charge
Warning: the loading of a battery leads to the formation of hydrogen, a highly flammable gas. Therefore, to make the load operation, it must take into account the following precautions:
The burden or be done in well-ventilated areas.
When op is carried out without removing the battery of the vehicle has left open the bonnet.
The shipper or the battery had to disconnect the cables before loading dock.
Or Do not smoke, flames or turn around batteries that are loading or who have just loaded.
When making or cargo without removing the battery of the vehicle, not disconnect the battery cables.
In conducting the load or in a bank, not mount the battery in the vehicle until after five or ten minutes you have disconnected the equipment load and the battery continues to evolve hydrogen for a short period after having been charged.
In vehicles equipped with a system of centralized closing doors, the relay causes a current pulse into whenever you connect the battery. The result could be a spark at the terminals of the same. That is why, if his vehicle had said closure system, it would have to take into account, especially the first two safety measures related above. There is no need to remove or loosen the caps ventilation during loading.
• Ignition System
The motor that produces optimum performance and economy, depends to a large part of that is the ignition system.
Warning: when conducting operations in the area of the ignition system, it has to be careful to avoid electric shocks caused by high voltage cables. They could be severe in the ignition systems with transistors.
• Checking spark plugs and wires
Prior to the audit, move the cable mass (negative terminal) battery. Wipe the insulators of the spark plugs, ignition wires, the ignition coil and the distributor cap, using a clean cloth, and verify whether these components were broken, cuarteados or possessing any type of damage. In dealing with the spark plugs, be extra cautious not to damage the ceramic insulator, which is very fragile.
• Adjusting the supplier of lavalunetas
If adjustments were needed, place the tip of a pin in the jet nozzle and turn it to the correct position.
• Brush. Checking the status of the brushes of wipers
The edges of rubber brushes are used and wear out very easily. Our advice: change them once or twice a year. The rubber brushes can be damaged by contact with materials such as cleaning agents, greases, silicones or fuel. It is recommended, therefore, regularly cleaning brushes and wipers, using only cleaning paste. With frost should be separate brushes the wipers to the car park.
• Change arm / wipers of wipers
By changing one brush, tighten the elastic grapilla and remove the arm. To remove the arm, sepárelo the windshield and remove the lid abisagrada, in certain models, separate the plastic lid. Remove the nut and washer and remove the arm Rod transmission.
• Deposit of washer systems
It has to regularly check the level of liquid in the tank, which will be restored as appropriate, with a mixture of clean water and additive lavacristales with antifreeze, if the command of washer systems to verify that the system is in priming the pumps are running.
• Deposit of lavalunetas
Check regularly the level of the liquid (refer to “deposit washer systems”). After filling the tank, actuate the switch lavaluneta to verify that the system is priming and that the pumps are running.
• Jets of lavafaros
The suppliers of liquid-lavafaros if any, and for the suppliers of washer systems is supplied from a large reservoir common. Check the operation and action cleaning regularly. Only work with the headlights on. These suppliers can adjust only with a special tool.
• Adjusting the suppliers of washer systems
If the water jet suppliers were not adjusted precisely, it could regulate as follows: open the bonnet, loosen the screws retention of the pumps, gírelos the correct way and tighten the screws retention.